Zirkonium
40
Zr
Gruppe
4
Periode
5
Blokk
d
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
40
40
51
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
40
Atommasse
91,224
Mass Number
91
Kategori
Transisjonsmetall
Farge
Silver
Radioactive
Nei
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Krystallstruktur
Simple Hexagonal
Historie
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
6,506 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Kokepunkt
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Smeltevarme
21 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
580 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,278 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,013%
Abundance in Universe
5×10-6%
Image Credits: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS Number
7440-67-7
PubChem CID Number
23995
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
160 pm
Kovalent radius
175 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,33 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
6,6339 eV
Molart volum
14,0 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
0,227 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
1, 2, 3, 4
Applications
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrUnstable Isotopes
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr