Gallium
31
Ga
Gruppe
13
Periode
4
Blokk
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
31
31
39
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
31
Atommasse
69,723
Mass Number
70
Kategori
Metall
Farge
Silver
Radioactive
Nei
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Krystallstruktur
Base Centered Orthorhombic
Historie
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
5,907 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Kokepunkt
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Smeltevarme
5,59 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
256 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,371 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,0019%
Abundance in Universe
1×10-6%
CAS Number
7440-55-3
PubChem CID Number
5360835
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
135 pm
Kovalent radius
122 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,81 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
5,9993 eV
Molart volum
11,8 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
0,406 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
1, 2, 3
Applications
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
69Ga, 71GaUnstable Isotopes
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga