Fosfor

15
P
Gruppe
15
Periode
3
Blokk
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
15
15
16
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
15
Atommasse
30,973762
Mass Number
31
Kategori
Ikkje-metall
Farge
Fargelaus
Radioactive
Nei
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
Krystallstruktur
Simple Triclinic
Historie
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.

In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.

Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 8, 5
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
P
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
1,82 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
317,25 K | 44,1 °C | 111,38 °F
Kokepunkt
553 K | 279,85 °C | 535,73 °F
Smeltevarme
0,64 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
12,4 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,769 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,099%
Abundance in Universe
0,0007%
Red
Image Credits: Images-of-elements
Red phosphorus as powder
CAS Number
7723-14-0
PubChem CID Number
5462309
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
98 pm
Kovalent radius
107 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,19 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
10,4867 eV
Molart volum
17,0 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
0,00235 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Applications
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.

Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.

Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
31P
Unstable Isotopes
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P