Thallium
81
Tl
Gruppe
13
Periode
6
Blokk
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
81
81
123
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
81
Atommasse
204,3833
Mass Number
204
Kategori
Metall
Farge
Silver
Radioactive
Nei
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Krystallstruktur
Simple Hexagonal
Historie
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
11,85 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Kokepunkt
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Smeltevarme
4,2 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
165 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,129 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,000053%
Abundance in Universe
5×10-8%
CAS Number
7440-28-0
PubChem CID Number
5359464
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
170 pm
Kovalent radius
145 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,62 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
6,1082 eV
Molart volum
17,2 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
0,461 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
1, 3
Applications
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
203Tl, 205TlUnstable Isotopes
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl