Holmium

67
Ho
Gruppe
n/a
Periode
6
Blokk
f
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
67
67
98
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
67
Atommasse
164,93032
Mass Number
165
Kategori
Lantanid
Farge
Silver
Radioactive
Nei
From the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm
Krystallstruktur
Simple Hexagonal
Historie
Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878.

They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.

Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Ho
Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any naturally occurring element
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
8,795 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
1734,15 K | 1461 °C | 2661,8 °F
Kokepunkt
2993,15 K | 2720 °C | 4928 °F
Smeltevarme
17 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
265 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,165 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,00012%
Abundance in Universe
5×10-8%
Ultrapure
Image Credits: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure holmium
CAS Number
7440-60-0
PubChem CID Number
23988
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
176 pm
Kovalent radius
192 pm
Elektronegativitet
1,23 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
6,0215 eV
Molart volum
18,7 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
0,162 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
3
Applications
Holmium is used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields, when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece.

It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.

Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
Holmium is considered to be of low toxicity
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
165Ho
Unstable Isotopes
140Ho, 141Ho, 142Ho, 143Ho, 144Ho, 145Ho, 146Ho, 147Ho, 148Ho, 149Ho, 150Ho, 151Ho, 152Ho, 153Ho, 154Ho, 155Ho, 156Ho, 157Ho, 158Ho, 159Ho, 160Ho, 161Ho, 162Ho, 163Ho, 164Ho, 166Ho, 167Ho, 168Ho, 169Ho, 170Ho, 171Ho, 172Ho, 173Ho, 174Ho, 175Ho