Karbon
6
C
Gruppe
14
Periode
2
Blokk
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
6
6
6
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
6
Atommasse
12,0107
Mass Number
12
Kategori
Ikkje-metall
Farge
Svart
Radioactive
Nei
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Krystallstruktur
Simple Hexagonal
Historie
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 4
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
2,267 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Kokepunkt
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Smeltevarme
105 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
715 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,709 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,18%
Abundance in Universe
0,5%
CAS Number
7440-44-0
PubChem CID Number
5462310
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
67 pm
Kovalent radius
77 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,55 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
11,2603 eV
Molart volum
5,31 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
1,29 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Applications
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
12C, 13CUnstable Isotopes
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C