Jod

53
I
Gruppe
17
Periode
5
Blokk
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
53
53
74
Generelle eigenskapar
Atomnummer
53
Atommasse
126,90447
Mass Number
127
Kategori
Halogen
Farge
Slate Gray
Radioactive
Nei
From the Greek word iodes, violet
Krystallstruktur
Base Centered Orthorhombic
Historie
Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811.

He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.

In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
Elektron per energinivå
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Elektronkonfigurasjon
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
I
Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries
Fysiske eigenskapar
Tilstandsform
Fast stoff
Tettleik
4,93 g/cm3
Smeltepunkt
386,85 K | 113,7 °C | 236,66 °F
Kokepunkt
457,4 K | 184,25 °C | 363,65 °F
Smeltevarme
7,76 kJ/mol
Fordampingsvarme
20,9 kJ/mol
Spesifikk varmekapasitet
0,214 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,000049%
Abundance in Universe
1×10-7%
Pure
Image Credits: Images-of-elements
Pure crystalline iodine
CAS Number
7553-56-2
PubChem CID Number
807
Atom eigenskapar
Atomradius
140 pm
Kovalent radius
139 pm
Elektronegativitet
2,66 (Paulings skala)
Ioniseringspotensial
10,4513 eV
Molart volum
25,74 cm3/mol
Termisk konduktivitet
0,00449 W/cm·K
Oksidasjonstrinn
-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Applications
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine.

A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.

Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.

Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
Elemental iodine is toxic if taken orally
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
127I
Unstable Isotopes
108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I